Summary of Revelation chapters 4 and 5
John is taken up to Heaven and finds himself before the throne of God. He witnesses the hosts of Heaven worship God – sing praises, bow down, and cast crowns before the throne. John sees a scroll in the right hand of God that is sealed with seven seals. No one throughout creation was worthy of breaking the seals to open the scroll except one. John identifies him as the Lamb who was slain. Revelation 5:9-10 provides clues as to who the Lamb is. Who is he? Jesus. Notice the hosts of heaven worship Him by singing a new song, not an old song. The Lamb takes the scroll from the right hand of God and in chapter 6 he proceeds to break the seals.
Revelation chapter 6:1-8
1. What did John see after the opening of each of the first four seals and what were each given authority to do? Four horsemen.
A) Rider of the white horse. He had a bow (weapon) and was given a crown (political authority.) He was given authority to conquer. White horse associated with royalty. The rider is someone who has political authority and will seek to expand his rule through conquest. More on who this rider might be in a moment.
B) Rider of the red horse – Greek word for “red” – having the color of fire. Red color could also represent blood. The rider was given a great sword (Greek word Machaira similar to Spanish/English word “machete”). He was permitted to encourage war among the peoples of the earth.
C) Rider of the black horse – He held a pair of scales in his hand. The words that were spoken essentially mean that staple foods made of wheat and barley will become scarce. The rider represents economic instability and famine. As essential foods such as bread become scarce they increase in price. Inflation runs rampant. Denarius was worth a day’s wages. It will cost two days wages to purchase a quart of wheat (which is enough to feed one person) and three quarts of barley (less nutritious and was enough to feed a small family.) Notice that the rider of the black horse was not given authority to damage wine and oil. Only the wealthy could afford those. While the lower economic classes are suffering, the wealthy are doing fine. The poor resent the wealthy. The recipe for class warfare which will add to the growing chaos leading to the end times.
D) Rider of the pale horse – Greek word for “pale” is chloros, a yellowish pale color. The rider’s name was Death and Hades (the grave, the abode of the dead) followed after him. It makes sense that the rider of the pale horse would be last, why? Riders of the red horse and black horse bringing death to the world. Death and Hades was given authority over a fourth of the earth to kill with the sword (red horse) and famine (black horse); pestilence (disease which often occurs during war and famine - malnutrition) and wild beasts.
Revelation chapter 6:12-17
2. What happens on earth after the sixth seal is opened? Natural disasters – massive earthquakes that moves mountains and islands, sun turns black and moon turns red perhaps due to volcanic eruptions, stars (meteorites) fall from the sky.
3. How do people react to what’s happening? There is great fear and anxiety.
The Four Horsemen and the natural disasters are the prologue to the End. They are setting the stage for the End. These catastrophic events (war, famine, disease, natural disasters) will provide an opportunity for a certain someone to attain greater political power. He will take advantage of people’s fears and anxieties in order to conquer. He will present himself to the world as a man of strength, courage, boldness, and great vision. As the world is seemingly falling apart, this man will come forth figuratively as a hero riding a white horse to save the day to restore order out of chaos. The world will see this man as their savior. He will regard himself as a god to be worshiped. He is the rider of the white horse – the Antichrist.
There is disagreement within Christianity over who the rider of the white horse is. Some say he is the Antichrist which is the interpretation I accept and I will explain why in a moment. Others say the ride of the white horse is Jesus. Their reasoning is based on Revelation chapter 19 where Jesus returns to earth on a white horse conquering evil. However, the description of the rider of the white horse in Revelation 6 differs from that of Revelation 19.
The reason I believe the rider of the white horse is the Antichrist has to do with a common pattern in history. If you look to the past to see how dictators from Julius Caesar to Adolf Hitler came to power it often came about at a time of great anxiety, fear, and uncertainty. The people were looking for someone, anyone to restore order and stability and these men succeeded in doing so. The people were willing to give up their rights and freedoms in exchange for economic and political stability. Men like Caesar, Hitler, and Mussolini were successful in restoring order out of chaos and consequently people hailed them as saviors. Talk about Germany during the 1930’s. Same is true in democracies. A president that is in power during an economic recession and high unemployment is replaced by the public with someone who promises to restore economic order. Ex. FDR, Reagan, Clinton, Obama. My opinion is that the Antichrist will present himself as the world’s savior and the world will accept him as such. They will willingly give him the authority he needs to save the planet from the abyss.
Revelation chapter 6:9-11
4. What did John see and hear after the opening of the fifth seal? An altar and underneath it were the souls of those who had been slain for obeying the word of God and for being witnesses of the Gospel. They were martyrs. What is done on an altar? Sacrifices are offered to God. Blood is shed. These souls sacrificed their lives/shed their blood for God. What did they cry out to God for? Vengeance. How long before God will pour out His wrath upon sinners for the transgressions they have committed against His people? How much longer will the martyrs have to wait before God will carry out His judgment? Who are these people? Abel to Stephen to Christians today who have had their life taken for daring to be a follower of Jesus. What was the response to their cry? A) given a white robe (righteousness) B) Told to rest a little while longer …. Be patient. The time for God’s final judgment is drawing near.
These verses contain a reason why God is doing what He is doing in the Book of Revelation. It also explains why much of Revelation is so dark and dismal. God is passing final judgment upon the earth. He is pouring out wrath upon the earth that has been building up since the Flood. For millennia, God’s people have been waiting for this moment when He will exact final punishment upon all that is evil. Repeatedly through the Old Testament God says, “Vengeance is mine.” All who have harmed my people will experience my wrath. All who hear the Gospel of salvation and yet continue to pursue unrighteousness … who reject and mock the sacrifice of His Son … they will find themselves in the hands of an angry God. It will not be pretty.
Thursday, September 30, 2010
Thursday, September 23, 2010
Revelation chapters 4 and 5 – Worship
Read Revelation chapter 4
1. Where and when is John? In Heaven. In the future.
2. Where specifically in heaven is John? Before the throne of God.
3. Put yourself in John’s shoes, what are you thinking/feeling?
4. vs. 4-5. Who does John see? 24 elders sitting on thrones located on either side of God’s throne. They are all wearing crowns and white garments. What is an elder? A person who is in authority. Someone who is greatly respected. Tradition teaches that these 24 elders are representatives from the Twelve tribes of Israel of the Old Testament plus 12 Apostles of the New Testament. Or, the 24 elders could be individuals whom God deemed worthy of a place of honor and authority in heaven because of their faithfulness/righteousness. The location of their thrones next to God’s throne would be a place of honor. White garments represent righteousness/holiness. Their crowns represent authority.
5. What is found before the throne of God? A sea of glass/crystal. The glory of God shines upon this sea of glass/crystal which refracts the glory of God making it even more brilliant and more colorful.
6. vs. 6-9. What does John see and hear? Four strange looking creatures. They have wings and are covered in eyes. They fly around the throne of God night and day. Due to their multitude of eyes, they are able to bear witness to the glory of God all around them. What role doe the four living creatures play in heaven? They lead all heaven in worship to God. They are Heaven’s worship leaders.
7. In the first song, what do the four living creatures sing about God specifically? Holy – God is unique. He is not tainted; Lord – God is supreme above anyone else; Almighty – God is all-powerful. No is stronger than He; who was and is and is to come. God is eternal. The focus of their worship is solely on God. He is the audience.
8. What do the 24 elders do in response to the song of the four living creatures? They get off their thrones, get on their knees, fall on their faces, and cast their crowns as an act of worship. Despite the fact the 24 elders have a position of honor and authority in Heaven, they humble themselves before God. Humility is an important part of worship. Who gave the 24 elders their position of honor and authority in Heaven? It wasn’t them. It was God. When we worship God, it is to be directed at God not us or people around us. God is worthy of worship, we are not.
9. In the second song, what are the 24 elders saying? Only you God are worthy to receive glory, honor, and power. Even though we hold positions of glory, honor, and power, we are not worthy of worship. You created all things including us. By your will we exist. If it wasn’t your will, we would not be here. Therefore, we are not worthy of worship. Only you.
Read Revelation chapter 5
10. vs. 1-4. What does John see? God on His throne holding a scroll sealed with seven seals. It has never been open. No one in Heaven is able to open it which upsets John. He weeps profusely because he knows something important is written on the scroll; yet, no one will ever be able to read it because no one can open the seals. However, John is told by one of the elders not to worry. There is someone who is worthy to open the seals.
11. Who does John see that is able to open the seals? He describes Him as the Lamb who was slain.
12. What is the significance of a lamb? What does it represent? In the Old Testament, a pure, spotless lamb was sacrificed for the sins of the people. Knowing that, who is the Lamb that was slain? Jesus Christ – the sacrifice for our sins. Evidently, Jesus still bears the scars from His crucifixion.
13. What happened after the Lamb took the scroll from the right hand of God? The four living creatures and 24 elders worshipped the Lamb who was slain. They did so by singing a new song, not an old song. A song that was fresh. It was in response to a defining act.
14. What do the four living creatures and 24 elders sing about in their new song? They explain Jesus was worthy of taking the scroll. He gave His life in order to bring salvation to everyone in the world. He and he alone did this. Not the 24 elders; not the four living creatures; not angels; not Abraham, Moses, David, Peter, or Paul.
15. What happened next? The hosts of Heaven and all of creation joined in the song. They sang praises to the Lamb and to God on His throne. They sang about how both were worthy of glory, honor, and power. The 24 elders concluded the worship by saying “Amen!” In other words, every word that was sung was true beyond all doubt.
Application:
Does our worship whether on Sunday mornings or at home during the week mirror the worship is done in Heaven? What is done in Heaven is to be done on earth. Focus of worship is on our Creator and Savior. Worship took on various forms – speaking, singing, kneeling. Worship celebrated the character/essence of God; attributes that make Him unique (holiness, eternal, mercy, compassion, power.) The same God who created us also (Revelation chapter 4) also took on human form to redeem us (Revelation chapter 5.) Worship should always be fresh and never stale. Continue to sing the same songs over and over, our hearts become numb. If that happens, we are no longer worshipping. Worship should be contagious. Notice in Revelation – one group starts worshipping, others quickly join in which leads to the final point about worship – it creates unity among the followers of God. Everyone is on the same page.
1. Where and when is John? In Heaven. In the future.
2. Where specifically in heaven is John? Before the throne of God.
3. Put yourself in John’s shoes, what are you thinking/feeling?
4. vs. 4-5. Who does John see? 24 elders sitting on thrones located on either side of God’s throne. They are all wearing crowns and white garments. What is an elder? A person who is in authority. Someone who is greatly respected. Tradition teaches that these 24 elders are representatives from the Twelve tribes of Israel of the Old Testament plus 12 Apostles of the New Testament. Or, the 24 elders could be individuals whom God deemed worthy of a place of honor and authority in heaven because of their faithfulness/righteousness. The location of their thrones next to God’s throne would be a place of honor. White garments represent righteousness/holiness. Their crowns represent authority.
5. What is found before the throne of God? A sea of glass/crystal. The glory of God shines upon this sea of glass/crystal which refracts the glory of God making it even more brilliant and more colorful.
6. vs. 6-9. What does John see and hear? Four strange looking creatures. They have wings and are covered in eyes. They fly around the throne of God night and day. Due to their multitude of eyes, they are able to bear witness to the glory of God all around them. What role doe the four living creatures play in heaven? They lead all heaven in worship to God. They are Heaven’s worship leaders.
7. In the first song, what do the four living creatures sing about God specifically? Holy – God is unique. He is not tainted; Lord – God is supreme above anyone else; Almighty – God is all-powerful. No is stronger than He; who was and is and is to come. God is eternal. The focus of their worship is solely on God. He is the audience.
8. What do the 24 elders do in response to the song of the four living creatures? They get off their thrones, get on their knees, fall on their faces, and cast their crowns as an act of worship. Despite the fact the 24 elders have a position of honor and authority in Heaven, they humble themselves before God. Humility is an important part of worship. Who gave the 24 elders their position of honor and authority in Heaven? It wasn’t them. It was God. When we worship God, it is to be directed at God not us or people around us. God is worthy of worship, we are not.
9. In the second song, what are the 24 elders saying? Only you God are worthy to receive glory, honor, and power. Even though we hold positions of glory, honor, and power, we are not worthy of worship. You created all things including us. By your will we exist. If it wasn’t your will, we would not be here. Therefore, we are not worthy of worship. Only you.
Read Revelation chapter 5
10. vs. 1-4. What does John see? God on His throne holding a scroll sealed with seven seals. It has never been open. No one in Heaven is able to open it which upsets John. He weeps profusely because he knows something important is written on the scroll; yet, no one will ever be able to read it because no one can open the seals. However, John is told by one of the elders not to worry. There is someone who is worthy to open the seals.
11. Who does John see that is able to open the seals? He describes Him as the Lamb who was slain.
12. What is the significance of a lamb? What does it represent? In the Old Testament, a pure, spotless lamb was sacrificed for the sins of the people. Knowing that, who is the Lamb that was slain? Jesus Christ – the sacrifice for our sins. Evidently, Jesus still bears the scars from His crucifixion.
13. What happened after the Lamb took the scroll from the right hand of God? The four living creatures and 24 elders worshipped the Lamb who was slain. They did so by singing a new song, not an old song. A song that was fresh. It was in response to a defining act.
14. What do the four living creatures and 24 elders sing about in their new song? They explain Jesus was worthy of taking the scroll. He gave His life in order to bring salvation to everyone in the world. He and he alone did this. Not the 24 elders; not the four living creatures; not angels; not Abraham, Moses, David, Peter, or Paul.
15. What happened next? The hosts of Heaven and all of creation joined in the song. They sang praises to the Lamb and to God on His throne. They sang about how both were worthy of glory, honor, and power. The 24 elders concluded the worship by saying “Amen!” In other words, every word that was sung was true beyond all doubt.
Application:
Does our worship whether on Sunday mornings or at home during the week mirror the worship is done in Heaven? What is done in Heaven is to be done on earth. Focus of worship is on our Creator and Savior. Worship took on various forms – speaking, singing, kneeling. Worship celebrated the character/essence of God; attributes that make Him unique (holiness, eternal, mercy, compassion, power.) The same God who created us also (Revelation chapter 4) also took on human form to redeem us (Revelation chapter 5.) Worship should always be fresh and never stale. Continue to sing the same songs over and over, our hearts become numb. If that happens, we are no longer worshipping. Worship should be contagious. Notice in Revelation – one group starts worshipping, others quickly join in which leads to the final point about worship – it creates unity among the followers of God. Everyone is on the same page.
Wednesday, September 15, 2010
Revelation chapter 3: Seven Churches - Laodicia
VII. Laodicia – Background – Named for the wife of a Hellenistic king during the 200’s B.C. An extremely wealthy city perhaps the wealthiest of the seven cities listed in Revelation. Source of wealth – trade, banking, and textiles (primary source for black wool.) Laodicea was the financial and banking center of the region. Communities near Laodicea placed their wealth in the city’s banks. Following an earthquake in 60 A.D., Laodicea was the only city to refuse financial assistance from Rome. Paid for the recovery themselves. Laodicea’s wealth was evident in its massive architecture – monuments, temples, theaters, etc. A large percentage of the population was in the upper income bracket, including Jews who lived in Laodicea. They annually sent 20 bags of gold to Jerusalem for the support of the Temple. In modern terms, Laodicea=Northern VA; Philadelphia=SW VA. The city worshipped Greek gods such as Zeus, Apollo, and Asclepius. Participated in mystery cults. The city also had a renowned medical school that produced and manufactured a popular eye salve. Laodicea’s biggest problem was its water supply. The Lycus river was a mile away but it dried up every summer. The nearest water supply was a hot springs 5 miles away. The city built an aqueduct to bring the water to the city. By the time the water reached Laodicea it was lukewarm.
1. How does Jesus introduce Himself? a) the Amen – a solemn expression of certainty. Every word spoken prior to saying “amen” is true with emphasis. b) Faithful and True Witness – Ever watching. Speak truth about everything He sees. c) the beginning of God’s creation – the First. I cam before everything in creation.
2. Words of praise – none
3. Words of criticism – plenty. I know your works: you are neither cold nor hot … you are lukewarm. Basically Jesus is telling the church you are useless in a way they could understand and in graphic language. Cold water is useful/has benefits: drinking. Hot water is useful/has benefits: healing properties (hot springs); bathing; killing germs. Lukewarm water is pretty much useless – not good for bathing or drinking. Not good for drinking or anything else. In order for the Laodiceans to make their lukewarm water useful, they put the water in animal skins to make it cooler for drinking and they had to boil it in order to bathe in it. Jesus angrily informed the Laodicean church I would prefer you to be hot or cold, in other words useful, to me. At least you would be doing some good. However you are lukewarm, useless, therefore I am going to spit you out of my mouth. For an example of a lukewarm church in the Bible, read the book of James. Another issue the Laodicean church had was with hubris/pride/arrogance. But Jesus, the Faithful and True witness, saw the members for what they truly were. Read vs. 17. The church believed it was self-sufficient. It did not need anything from anybody including God. Their faith in God rested in their possessions. What might have happened to their faith in God had they lost all their wealth and possessions? Tell story of foolish rich man. Read Luke 12:16-21. Jesus gave the church some advice using three things the city was renowned for as illustrations – banking, textiles, and eye salve. Jesus told the church to seek Him for their wealth not banks, seek him to clothe their nakedness in white garments (purity) not black garments (sin), and seek him for eye salve that will enable them to see spiritually. Jesus explains that the reason He is coming down so hard on the church is so that they might repent. If they do so, He will welcome them back
4. If they don’t repent… - Jesus will not fellowship with them
5. Promise if they overcome – Just as I got to sit on the throne with my Father and ruled after I conquered sin and death so shall you sit with me on My throne and rule after you conquer sin and death.
1. How does Jesus introduce Himself? a) the Amen – a solemn expression of certainty. Every word spoken prior to saying “amen” is true with emphasis. b) Faithful and True Witness – Ever watching. Speak truth about everything He sees. c) the beginning of God’s creation – the First. I cam before everything in creation.
2. Words of praise – none
3. Words of criticism – plenty. I know your works: you are neither cold nor hot … you are lukewarm. Basically Jesus is telling the church you are useless in a way they could understand and in graphic language. Cold water is useful/has benefits: drinking. Hot water is useful/has benefits: healing properties (hot springs); bathing; killing germs. Lukewarm water is pretty much useless – not good for bathing or drinking. Not good for drinking or anything else. In order for the Laodiceans to make their lukewarm water useful, they put the water in animal skins to make it cooler for drinking and they had to boil it in order to bathe in it. Jesus angrily informed the Laodicean church I would prefer you to be hot or cold, in other words useful, to me. At least you would be doing some good. However you are lukewarm, useless, therefore I am going to spit you out of my mouth. For an example of a lukewarm church in the Bible, read the book of James. Another issue the Laodicean church had was with hubris/pride/arrogance. But Jesus, the Faithful and True witness, saw the members for what they truly were. Read vs. 17. The church believed it was self-sufficient. It did not need anything from anybody including God. Their faith in God rested in their possessions. What might have happened to their faith in God had they lost all their wealth and possessions? Tell story of foolish rich man. Read Luke 12:16-21. Jesus gave the church some advice using three things the city was renowned for as illustrations – banking, textiles, and eye salve. Jesus told the church to seek Him for their wealth not banks, seek him to clothe their nakedness in white garments (purity) not black garments (sin), and seek him for eye salve that will enable them to see spiritually. Jesus explains that the reason He is coming down so hard on the church is so that they might repent. If they do so, He will welcome them back
4. If they don’t repent… - Jesus will not fellowship with them
5. Promise if they overcome – Just as I got to sit on the throne with my Father and ruled after I conquered sin and death so shall you sit with me on My throne and rule after you conquer sin and death.
Revelation chapter 3: Seven Churches - Philadelphia
VI. Philadelphia – Background – Founded by a Lydian king named Attalus II Philadelphus. He was known for his devotion to his brother hence the surname “brotherly love.” Philadelphia was an important trading city. It was also a major producer of wine. One of the more popular gods worshipped was Dionysus – god of wine and feasts. Unfortunately, the city was built on top of an earthquake fault. Philadelphia experienced a disastrous earthquake in 17 A.D. Aftershocks continued for the next 20 years. The city had a sizeable Jewish population.
1. How does Jesus introduce Himself? The holy one; the true one; who has the key of David, who opens doors that no one shuts and shuts doors no one opens. Read Isaiah 22:20-22. God gives a man named Eliakim the key to the house of David, the ruling family of Israel. If you wanted to speak to the king you had to first go through Eliakim. He was the “key” to the door to the throne. He had the authority to open or shut the door. Modern day example – Chief of staff in the White House. He is the “key” to the President. In speaking to the church of Philadelphia, Jesus introduces Himself as the one has the key of David. He opens and shuts the door to the throne of God. Read John 14:6.
2. Words of praise – I know your works. I know you have little power, and yet you have kept my word and have not denied my name. Little power – very little influence. A church with a small membership. It was probably the smallest and least influential of the seven churches. Unlike Sardis, it does not have a strong reputation. Sardis – large membership, carpeted floors, cushioned pews, orchestral music, large budget. Philadelphia – small membership, dirt floor, wooden chairs, out of tune piano, small budget. Sardis experienced no persecution. Philadelphia was heavily persecuted by Jews. Accused Jewish Christians of being “false” Jews. Jesus said it was the other way around. Why was Philadelphia experiencing persecution? They kept the Word of God. They listened, received, and obeyed the Word of God. Because Philadelphia was faithful to the Word, the church got Satan’s attention. He viewed the church in Philadelphia as a threat unlike Sardis. Encouraged his followers to attack the little church. Despite the persecution, Philadelphia refused to deny the name of Jesus. They obeyed His word to endure persecution with patient endurance (vs. 10.) Again, Jesus’ evaluation of a church to determine if it is alive or not is not based on membership, wealth, church architecture, musical style, or level of emotion. He bases it on whether the church is listening, receiving, and obeying His word.
3. Words of criticism – none
4. If they don’t repent… - no need to repent.
5. Promise if they overcome – a) Make him a pillar in the temple of my God never to be removed. What is the purpose of a pillar? It supports the whole building. It is strong and steady. Doesn’t move even in times of disaster such as earthquakes. Rest of the building may collapse but the pillars usually remain standing. b) I will write on you the name of my God (symbol – belong to God) and the name of the city of God, the new Jerusalem (symbol – citizen of the new Jerusalem. c) I will write on you my new name. As we’ll se later, everyone and everything in the new Jerusalem will be brand new. Even Jesus will have a new name. Why? The name Jesus in Hebrew means “the Lord saves.” No one in the new Jerusalem will need saving.
1. How does Jesus introduce Himself? The holy one; the true one; who has the key of David, who opens doors that no one shuts and shuts doors no one opens. Read Isaiah 22:20-22. God gives a man named Eliakim the key to the house of David, the ruling family of Israel. If you wanted to speak to the king you had to first go through Eliakim. He was the “key” to the door to the throne. He had the authority to open or shut the door. Modern day example – Chief of staff in the White House. He is the “key” to the President. In speaking to the church of Philadelphia, Jesus introduces Himself as the one has the key of David. He opens and shuts the door to the throne of God. Read John 14:6.
2. Words of praise – I know your works. I know you have little power, and yet you have kept my word and have not denied my name. Little power – very little influence. A church with a small membership. It was probably the smallest and least influential of the seven churches. Unlike Sardis, it does not have a strong reputation. Sardis – large membership, carpeted floors, cushioned pews, orchestral music, large budget. Philadelphia – small membership, dirt floor, wooden chairs, out of tune piano, small budget. Sardis experienced no persecution. Philadelphia was heavily persecuted by Jews. Accused Jewish Christians of being “false” Jews. Jesus said it was the other way around. Why was Philadelphia experiencing persecution? They kept the Word of God. They listened, received, and obeyed the Word of God. Because Philadelphia was faithful to the Word, the church got Satan’s attention. He viewed the church in Philadelphia as a threat unlike Sardis. Encouraged his followers to attack the little church. Despite the persecution, Philadelphia refused to deny the name of Jesus. They obeyed His word to endure persecution with patient endurance (vs. 10.) Again, Jesus’ evaluation of a church to determine if it is alive or not is not based on membership, wealth, church architecture, musical style, or level of emotion. He bases it on whether the church is listening, receiving, and obeying His word.
3. Words of criticism – none
4. If they don’t repent… - no need to repent.
5. Promise if they overcome – a) Make him a pillar in the temple of my God never to be removed. What is the purpose of a pillar? It supports the whole building. It is strong and steady. Doesn’t move even in times of disaster such as earthquakes. Rest of the building may collapse but the pillars usually remain standing. b) I will write on you the name of my God (symbol – belong to God) and the name of the city of God, the new Jerusalem (symbol – citizen of the new Jerusalem. c) I will write on you my new name. As we’ll se later, everyone and everything in the new Jerusalem will be brand new. Even Jesus will have a new name. Why? The name Jesus in Hebrew means “the Lord saves.” No one in the new Jerusalem will need saving.
Revelation chapter 3: Seven Churches - Sardis
V. Sardis – Background – Former capital of the ancient kingdom of Lydia. Very wealthy kingdom. Lydia was the first to adopt the use of coins. The city was built on a steep hill and was thought to be impregnable. Captured twice by surprise. No one was watching. No one anticipated an invasion. Over the centuries, Sardis thrived under the rule of Persians, Greeks, and Romans. Recently archeologists uncovered a vast gymnasium and bath complex. At some point, a large portion of it was converted into a Jewish synagogue. It was the largest ancient synagogue yet to be discovered. It gives one an idea of the wealth enjoyed by the people of Sardis.
1. How does Jesus introduce Himself? One who holds the seven spirits of God and seven stars. Perhaps another metaphor for the seven churches and their leaders.
2. Words of praise – Very little. Reference to a few church members who have not soiled their garments … stained by sin.
3. Words of criticism – Plenty. The church has a reputation of being alive but really is dead. What does it mean to have a reputation? Everybody knows about you. What all gives a church a reputation for being alive? A) large number of members. B) Large meeting place – recall synagogue. C) Active in the community – service/works. D) Wealth – size of budget E) Activities/programs – pre-school, children, youth, married, singles, senior citizens. F) Worship style – charismatic. The church of Sardis was the talk of the region/of the seven churches. It had a reputation of being alive. But Jesus did an evaluation of the church and determined it to be dead. How did He reach this determination? There deeds were not complete in the sight of God. Something was lacking. Jesus tells them to remember which must mean they have forgotten something. Remember what? What you have received and heard – life through the Word of God (Matthew 4:4; John 1:1-4). It was Jesus who gave the church life. His Words enabled the church to be a vibrant, living church. At some point, the church no longer regarded the Words of God to be important. Other things became important (Review list.) Once a church regards God’s word to be unimportant, it begins to die. Once a church stops feeding on the Word of God (bread of life), it begins to die. When church members tune out/ignore the Word of God, the church becomes a mausoleum/tomb. Examples – Pastors telling feel good stories/using other sources – magazines; Joel Osteen books. Members deaf to Words of God. Attending church for other reasons. Church continues to exist because it is living off its reputation as being a cornerstone of the community. Another way Jesus determined Sardis was dead. He makes no mention of the church experiencing persecution. Why not? Satan had no reason to attack a dead body. A church that is not experiencing spiritual warfare/persecution is a dead church.
4. If they don’t repent… - I will come against you like a thief and you won’t know when it will be. Perhaps remove the candlestick like Ephesus. Those in the church familiar with the history of Sardis probably would understand this statement. Remember from background – The city was captured twice by surprise. No one was watching. No one anticipated an invasion.
5. Promise if they overcome – a) clothed in white – represents purity/innocence; b) never blot out name from the book of life; c) I will confess/acknowledge his name before God the Father and the angels. Cool stuff! Don’t you want to hear Jesus say the following, “Father, Gabriel, Michael, angels of the heavenly host, I present to you Greg Crawford. He is worthy of being dressed in white; he is worthy of walking with me for he has been faithful, obedient, and holy in all his ways.”
1. How does Jesus introduce Himself? One who holds the seven spirits of God and seven stars. Perhaps another metaphor for the seven churches and their leaders.
2. Words of praise – Very little. Reference to a few church members who have not soiled their garments … stained by sin.
3. Words of criticism – Plenty. The church has a reputation of being alive but really is dead. What does it mean to have a reputation? Everybody knows about you. What all gives a church a reputation for being alive? A) large number of members. B) Large meeting place – recall synagogue. C) Active in the community – service/works. D) Wealth – size of budget E) Activities/programs – pre-school, children, youth, married, singles, senior citizens. F) Worship style – charismatic. The church of Sardis was the talk of the region/of the seven churches. It had a reputation of being alive. But Jesus did an evaluation of the church and determined it to be dead. How did He reach this determination? There deeds were not complete in the sight of God. Something was lacking. Jesus tells them to remember which must mean they have forgotten something. Remember what? What you have received and heard – life through the Word of God (Matthew 4:4; John 1:1-4). It was Jesus who gave the church life. His Words enabled the church to be a vibrant, living church. At some point, the church no longer regarded the Words of God to be important. Other things became important (Review list.) Once a church regards God’s word to be unimportant, it begins to die. Once a church stops feeding on the Word of God (bread of life), it begins to die. When church members tune out/ignore the Word of God, the church becomes a mausoleum/tomb. Examples – Pastors telling feel good stories/using other sources – magazines; Joel Osteen books. Members deaf to Words of God. Attending church for other reasons. Church continues to exist because it is living off its reputation as being a cornerstone of the community. Another way Jesus determined Sardis was dead. He makes no mention of the church experiencing persecution. Why not? Satan had no reason to attack a dead body. A church that is not experiencing spiritual warfare/persecution is a dead church.
4. If they don’t repent… - I will come against you like a thief and you won’t know when it will be. Perhaps remove the candlestick like Ephesus. Those in the church familiar with the history of Sardis probably would understand this statement. Remember from background – The city was captured twice by surprise. No one was watching. No one anticipated an invasion.
5. Promise if they overcome – a) clothed in white – represents purity/innocence; b) never blot out name from the book of life; c) I will confess/acknowledge his name before God the Father and the angels. Cool stuff! Don’t you want to hear Jesus say the following, “Father, Gabriel, Michael, angels of the heavenly host, I present to you Greg Crawford. He is worthy of being dressed in white; he is worthy of walking with me for he has been faithful, obedient, and holy in all his ways.”
Revelation chapter 2: Seven Churches - Thyatira
IV. Thyatira – Background – Founded around 300 B.C. as a military outpost. It was an important trading city. Thyatira had numerous trade guilds/unions. A person who wanted to do business in Thyatira had to be a member of a guild. Guild meetings usually involved banquets that involved much drinking and eating. They also involved worshipping the gods of their respective occupations. For these reasons, Christians in Thyatira refused to join guilds which made Christians unpopular in the city.
1. How does Jesus introduce Himself? Son of God; flaming eyes – intense/stern/angry/serious; feet like burnished bronze - Symbol of strength. Bronze used to create weapons, tools, armor, etc. Symbol of purity – Bronze resists corrosion better than other metals such as steel.
2. Words of praise – Praises Thyatira for their good works, love, faith, service. and perseverance. The church is doing more now than when they began.
3. Words of criticism – Tolerated false teaching and sin in the church. Underneath all the good of Thyatira was a great evil – an evil the church tolerated. There was a woman in the church who held a position of authority/leadership in the church – a prophetess. What is a prophet/prophetess? They are not someone who predicts future events. A prophet/prophetess is someone who proclaims the word of God, “thus saith the Lord …” A prophet is similar to a preacher. This woman who held a respected/important a church position. In her position, she was leading Christians in the church to sin. What Jesus call this prophetess? That woman Jezebel! If I were to call one of you ladies here “Jezebel,” how would you take it? Not very good. Who was Jezebel? Her story can be found in I Kings chapter 16-II Kings chapter 9. Jezebel is regarded as the most evil queen/woman in Israel’s history. She was the daughter of the king of Sidon. Her husband was Ahab, ruler of the Northern Kingdom of Israel. When Jezebel married Ahab, she brought her gods with her, primarily Baal – a fertility god. Worship rituals involved sexual immorality. Her god’s name found in her name. She used her influence over her husband to lead Israel to worship Baal. Jezebel was also into witchcraft (II Kings 9:22.) Jezebel’s character traits – a) Domineering, strong-willed, unsubmissive b) manipulative c) seductive d) self-centered e) ambitious f) fearsome demeanor/scary/intimidating – Elijah, a man of God feared Jezebel more than he did God (II Kings 19.) The prophetess in the church of Thyatira mirrored the actions, character, and attitude of Jezebel. She used her position and character traits (read Jezebel list) to lead church members to sin. The prophetess promoted a false teaching that involved learning what some called the deep things of Satan. She probably called it the deep things of God. Her teachings were probably a mixture of mystery cults and Christianity. It bore just enough resemblance to Christianity to seduce members of Thyatira to commit sin. Those in the church who refused to accept her teachings were too intimidated/scared by her character to openly oppose her. They acted like Ahab and Elijah. Consequently, she controlled the church.
4. If they don’t repent… - Jesus says He has given the prophetess and her children (followers in the church) ample time to repent but she and they have refused to do so. Consequently, He is going to hand down severe punishment. She will be made an example to other churches that might have similar issues. Verse 23 – he who searches the minds and hearts – Jesus acknowledged the church’s good works, love, faith, service, and perseverance. However, He looked deeper and saw a tolerance for sin. To Jesus, that is unacceptable. He demands holiness in His church.
5. Promise if they overcome – Jesus acknowledged that there members of the church who rejected the false teachings of the prophetess. Encouraged them to persevere. To those who overcome, He will give them authority over nations (see later in Revelation) and He will give them the Morningstar. What does the Morningstar symbolize? The end of a long night and the beginning of a new day. The darkness of Jezebel is coming to an end. Dawn will break soon.
1. How does Jesus introduce Himself? Son of God; flaming eyes – intense/stern/angry/serious; feet like burnished bronze - Symbol of strength. Bronze used to create weapons, tools, armor, etc. Symbol of purity – Bronze resists corrosion better than other metals such as steel.
2. Words of praise – Praises Thyatira for their good works, love, faith, service. and perseverance. The church is doing more now than when they began.
3. Words of criticism – Tolerated false teaching and sin in the church. Underneath all the good of Thyatira was a great evil – an evil the church tolerated. There was a woman in the church who held a position of authority/leadership in the church – a prophetess. What is a prophet/prophetess? They are not someone who predicts future events. A prophet/prophetess is someone who proclaims the word of God, “thus saith the Lord …” A prophet is similar to a preacher. This woman who held a respected/important a church position. In her position, she was leading Christians in the church to sin. What Jesus call this prophetess? That woman Jezebel! If I were to call one of you ladies here “Jezebel,” how would you take it? Not very good. Who was Jezebel? Her story can be found in I Kings chapter 16-II Kings chapter 9. Jezebel is regarded as the most evil queen/woman in Israel’s history. She was the daughter of the king of Sidon. Her husband was Ahab, ruler of the Northern Kingdom of Israel. When Jezebel married Ahab, she brought her gods with her, primarily Baal – a fertility god. Worship rituals involved sexual immorality. Her god’s name found in her name. She used her influence over her husband to lead Israel to worship Baal. Jezebel was also into witchcraft (II Kings 9:22.) Jezebel’s character traits – a) Domineering, strong-willed, unsubmissive b) manipulative c) seductive d) self-centered e) ambitious f) fearsome demeanor/scary/intimidating – Elijah, a man of God feared Jezebel more than he did God (II Kings 19.) The prophetess in the church of Thyatira mirrored the actions, character, and attitude of Jezebel. She used her position and character traits (read Jezebel list) to lead church members to sin. The prophetess promoted a false teaching that involved learning what some called the deep things of Satan. She probably called it the deep things of God. Her teachings were probably a mixture of mystery cults and Christianity. It bore just enough resemblance to Christianity to seduce members of Thyatira to commit sin. Those in the church who refused to accept her teachings were too intimidated/scared by her character to openly oppose her. They acted like Ahab and Elijah. Consequently, she controlled the church.
4. If they don’t repent… - Jesus says He has given the prophetess and her children (followers in the church) ample time to repent but she and they have refused to do so. Consequently, He is going to hand down severe punishment. She will be made an example to other churches that might have similar issues. Verse 23 – he who searches the minds and hearts – Jesus acknowledged the church’s good works, love, faith, service, and perseverance. However, He looked deeper and saw a tolerance for sin. To Jesus, that is unacceptable. He demands holiness in His church.
5. Promise if they overcome – Jesus acknowledged that there members of the church who rejected the false teachings of the prophetess. Encouraged them to persevere. To those who overcome, He will give them authority over nations (see later in Revelation) and He will give them the Morningstar. What does the Morningstar symbolize? The end of a long night and the beginning of a new day. The darkness of Jezebel is coming to an end. Dawn will break soon.
Thursday, September 2, 2010
Revelation chapter 2: Seven Churches - Pergamum
III. Pergamum – Background – A very prominent city in the history of Asia Minor. It was the capital city for the Macedonian kings who ruled Asia Minor following the death of Alexander the Great. In 133 B.C., the last king of Pergamum willed his kingdom to Rome. Under Roman rule, Pergamum continued to serve as the capital of the region. It was a very religious city. The first temple to Roman emperor was built here. Overtime, imperial cult worship flourished in Pergamum with more shrines and temples built to dead Roman emperors. The city also had temples to various Roman and Greek gods. The two largest were for Zeus, the king of the Greek gods, who was referred to by his followers as “Zeus the Savior” and Asclepius, a god of healing whose symbol was the caduceus – a snake wrapped around a staff. Moreover, there were also many in Pergamum who practiced mystery cults – religions that had secret rituals and teachings. Gods worshipped in mystery cults were commonly fertility gods which means sexual immorality was one of the rituals. They were a mixture of Greek, Roman, and Eastern religions. From all of this, one can conclude that Pergamum was extremely tolerant of religions. One can worship Zeus one day, Asclepius the next, a Roman Caesar the next, a mystery cult the next, etc. You can practice Christianity as long as you did not speak disparagingly of other religions (example - don’t say that someone other than Zeus is a Savior) and you participated in the imperial cult which was required in Pergamum.
1. How does Jesus introduce Himself? The words of him who has the sharp two-edged
sword. Does not sound good for Pergamum
2. Words of praise – They have not renounced Jesus despite the fact that a) they live in a very ungodly city. Jesus called it the place where Satan’s throne is/where Satan dwells. Implies that Satan has a firm grip on the city. Evident in all the temples and shrines to other gods. Satan’s throne may be a reference to popular imperial cult. b) Christians have experienced persecution. Antipas – according to church tradition John ordained Antipas as bishop of the Pergamum during the reign of the Roman emperor Domitian. Around 90 A.D., he was brought before an image of Caesar and told to confess that Caesar was God. When he refused, the Roman official said, "Antipas, don't you know that the whole world is against you?" to which he replied, "Then Antipas is against the whole world!" Antipas was then placed inside of a brass bull which was heated with fire until he was roasted to death.
3. Words of criticism – There were people in the church who practiced false teachings. Specifically, the teachings of Balaam. For the full story of Balaam read Numbers 22-25; 31:15-16. In short, Balaam was a prophet hired by some kings to get God to curse the Israelites. When Balaam tried to curse the Israelites, all that came out of his mouth were blessings. Balaam then advised the kings to send young women to seduce the Israelite men to commit sexual immorality and join them in worshipping Baal. Balaam’s plan was successful. Evidently, there were members of the church in Pergamum who were doing the same. They probably were participating in mystery cults that practiced sexual immorality. Other members who accepted the beliefs of the Nicolaitans (See notes on Ephesus.) Evidently, no one in the church was condemning their fellow church members for compromising their faith. They exhibited a tolerant attitude. Given the tolerant religious culture of the city that is not surprising. As long as they worshipped God on Sunday, they can worship whoever they want Monday-Saturday. The spirit of tolerance was the Achilles’ heel for the church of Pergamum. Jesus knew it and Satan knew it. Satan attempted to kill the church through persecution. Didn’t work. He went to plan B. Corrupt the church from within. Satan took advantage of their tolerance toward other religions. People practicing other religions attended the church. They enticed Christians to sin by encouraging them to participate in their immoral activities.
4. If they don’t repent… - I will come soon and war against you with the sword of my mouth. What does that mean? How did Jesus introduce himself to Pergamum? What is significant about a two-edged sword? Very sharp and cuts both ways. Read Hebrews 4:12. Jesus will use the Word of God to clean house in Pergamum.
5. Promise if they overcome – a) Hidden manna – food given to the Israelites that enabled them to survive in the wilderness. Manna’s significance in the spiritual sense equates to eternal life (John 6:49-50.) b) Given a white stone with a new name – Symbolized acquittal by a jury. Defendant was given a white stone symbolizing his innocence. White stones also used as admission to a banquet. In the context of Revelation, white stone with a new name that no one knows except the one who receives it symbolizes the innocence one receives through Christ. You are a new person with a new name. The white stone also represents your invitation to a blessed eternity.
1. How does Jesus introduce Himself? The words of him who has the sharp two-edged
sword. Does not sound good for Pergamum
2. Words of praise – They have not renounced Jesus despite the fact that a) they live in a very ungodly city. Jesus called it the place where Satan’s throne is/where Satan dwells. Implies that Satan has a firm grip on the city. Evident in all the temples and shrines to other gods. Satan’s throne may be a reference to popular imperial cult. b) Christians have experienced persecution. Antipas – according to church tradition John ordained Antipas as bishop of the Pergamum during the reign of the Roman emperor Domitian. Around 90 A.D., he was brought before an image of Caesar and told to confess that Caesar was God. When he refused, the Roman official said, "Antipas, don't you know that the whole world is against you?" to which he replied, "Then Antipas is against the whole world!" Antipas was then placed inside of a brass bull which was heated with fire until he was roasted to death.
3. Words of criticism – There were people in the church who practiced false teachings. Specifically, the teachings of Balaam. For the full story of Balaam read Numbers 22-25; 31:15-16. In short, Balaam was a prophet hired by some kings to get God to curse the Israelites. When Balaam tried to curse the Israelites, all that came out of his mouth were blessings. Balaam then advised the kings to send young women to seduce the Israelite men to commit sexual immorality and join them in worshipping Baal. Balaam’s plan was successful. Evidently, there were members of the church in Pergamum who were doing the same. They probably were participating in mystery cults that practiced sexual immorality. Other members who accepted the beliefs of the Nicolaitans (See notes on Ephesus.) Evidently, no one in the church was condemning their fellow church members for compromising their faith. They exhibited a tolerant attitude. Given the tolerant religious culture of the city that is not surprising. As long as they worshipped God on Sunday, they can worship whoever they want Monday-Saturday. The spirit of tolerance was the Achilles’ heel for the church of Pergamum. Jesus knew it and Satan knew it. Satan attempted to kill the church through persecution. Didn’t work. He went to plan B. Corrupt the church from within. Satan took advantage of their tolerance toward other religions. People practicing other religions attended the church. They enticed Christians to sin by encouraging them to participate in their immoral activities.
4. If they don’t repent… - I will come soon and war against you with the sword of my mouth. What does that mean? How did Jesus introduce himself to Pergamum? What is significant about a two-edged sword? Very sharp and cuts both ways. Read Hebrews 4:12. Jesus will use the Word of God to clean house in Pergamum.
5. Promise if they overcome – a) Hidden manna – food given to the Israelites that enabled them to survive in the wilderness. Manna’s significance in the spiritual sense equates to eternal life (John 6:49-50.) b) Given a white stone with a new name – Symbolized acquittal by a jury. Defendant was given a white stone symbolizing his innocence. White stones also used as admission to a banquet. In the context of Revelation, white stone with a new name that no one knows except the one who receives it symbolizes the innocence one receives through Christ. You are a new person with a new name. The white stone also represents your invitation to a blessed eternity.
Revelation chapter 2: Seven Churches - Smyrna
II. Smyrna – Background – A major port city on the Aegean Sea. Famous for science, medicine, and beautiful buildings. Consequently, Smyrna was a wealthy city. The city historically had a close relationship with Rome. Smyrna built a temple for the worship of Emperor Tiberius. Imperial cult – worship of dead Roman emperors – was very popular in Smyrna. As we’ll read, it also had a sizable and influential Jewish population.
1. How does Jesus introduce Himself? The First and the Last; who died and came to life
2. Words of praise – They are rich. Let me read these verses again. You are a Christian in Smyrna. What are Christians in Smyrna experiencing? A) Tribulation – severe suffering; distress; affliction. B) Poverty – huh? Doesn’t the background section say that Smyrna was wealthy? Christians are experiencing poverty, why? They are not participating in the imperial cult. Consequently, Christians are ostracized by the community. No one will do business with them. C) Slander – a malicious, false, and defamatory statement for the purpose of making someone look bad. Source of slander – people who claimed to be Jews and are not but are a synagogue of Satan. These were unbelieving Jews who viewed Christians as heretics who have distorted the true faith Judaism. These Jews spread lies in Smyrna about Christians in order to get them in trouble and to prevent nonbelievers from becoming Christians. One popular slander used against Christians was they practiced cannibalism. They had a ritual that involved eating flesh and drinking blood – The Lord’s Supper. These Jews claimed to be the true followers of God/the true children of God. According to Jesus, who were these Jews the children of? Read John 8:42-47. Who was the ultimate enemy of the church of Smyrna? Satan, the Adversary. The Smyrnan Christians are experiencing serious spiritual warfare. He’s unloading the full arsenal against them. Jesus goes on to tell you that things aren’t going to get any better. The Enemy will soon test your faith as he did Job in the Old Testament. Christians will be thrown into prison and experience serious persecution for ten days. Some will die. Again you are a Christian in Smyrna experiencing all this, it’s going to get worse not better, and you hear what Jesus tell you you are rich. How are you rich? Rich in faith. Any church that has been experiencing what Smyrna has and continues to worship God, to spread the Gospel, and refuse to compromise with idolatry has a faith that cannot be measured. Example – Christians in China.
3. Words of criticism – None. Only words of encouragement. Jesus has not turned a blind eye to Smyrna. He knows what they are experiencing and what they will be going through in the near future. He knows who is persecuting them. He knows their lies. He knows Satan is behind it all. Hang in there. Continue to be faithful.
4. If they don’t repent… - Nothing to repent.
5. Promise if they overcome – will not be hurt by the second death – eternal damnation in the lake of fire. Forever separated from God. Forever experiencing unbelievable pain. You are member of the church of Smyrna. How can Jesus guarantee you this? How did Jesus introduce himself to you? See answer to question 1. What did he promise you if you remained faithful unto death? Crown of life – symbol of eternal life.
1. How does Jesus introduce Himself? The First and the Last; who died and came to life
2. Words of praise – They are rich. Let me read these verses again. You are a Christian in Smyrna. What are Christians in Smyrna experiencing? A) Tribulation – severe suffering; distress; affliction. B) Poverty – huh? Doesn’t the background section say that Smyrna was wealthy? Christians are experiencing poverty, why? They are not participating in the imperial cult. Consequently, Christians are ostracized by the community. No one will do business with them. C) Slander – a malicious, false, and defamatory statement for the purpose of making someone look bad. Source of slander – people who claimed to be Jews and are not but are a synagogue of Satan. These were unbelieving Jews who viewed Christians as heretics who have distorted the true faith Judaism. These Jews spread lies in Smyrna about Christians in order to get them in trouble and to prevent nonbelievers from becoming Christians. One popular slander used against Christians was they practiced cannibalism. They had a ritual that involved eating flesh and drinking blood – The Lord’s Supper. These Jews claimed to be the true followers of God/the true children of God. According to Jesus, who were these Jews the children of? Read John 8:42-47. Who was the ultimate enemy of the church of Smyrna? Satan, the Adversary. The Smyrnan Christians are experiencing serious spiritual warfare. He’s unloading the full arsenal against them. Jesus goes on to tell you that things aren’t going to get any better. The Enemy will soon test your faith as he did Job in the Old Testament. Christians will be thrown into prison and experience serious persecution for ten days. Some will die. Again you are a Christian in Smyrna experiencing all this, it’s going to get worse not better, and you hear what Jesus tell you you are rich. How are you rich? Rich in faith. Any church that has been experiencing what Smyrna has and continues to worship God, to spread the Gospel, and refuse to compromise with idolatry has a faith that cannot be measured. Example – Christians in China.
3. Words of criticism – None. Only words of encouragement. Jesus has not turned a blind eye to Smyrna. He knows what they are experiencing and what they will be going through in the near future. He knows who is persecuting them. He knows their lies. He knows Satan is behind it all. Hang in there. Continue to be faithful.
4. If they don’t repent… - Nothing to repent.
5. Promise if they overcome – will not be hurt by the second death – eternal damnation in the lake of fire. Forever separated from God. Forever experiencing unbelievable pain. You are member of the church of Smyrna. How can Jesus guarantee you this? How did Jesus introduce himself to you? See answer to question 1. What did he promise you if you remained faithful unto death? Crown of life – symbol of eternal life.
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